Shift-based care models are healthcare delivery systems where patient responsibility is divided among multiple clinicians working fixed time shifts, rather than being continuously managed by the same doctor or small team.

For the purposes of this debate, patent pools combine patents from multiple companies into a shared pool that firms can license collectively.

For the purposes of this debate, a coalition binder refers to a legally binding agreement between two political parties, by which they would be mandated to stay within a coalition up until the subsequent electoral cycle if they get elected to power.

These agreements apply to both state and national elections separately, i.e. parties need to sign a National Coalition Binder to form a coalition for national elections, and a state coalition binder to form a coalition for State Elections.

Industrial policy refers to government strategies that actively shape the structure of the economy by promoting specific sectors, firms, or technologies

In some sectors (e.g. defence manufacturing, nuclear engineering), the state can act as a dominant employer, hiring large numbers of skilled workers and allocating them across projects.

Sovereign lending refers to loans given to governments, who have to repay fixed interest over a period of time.

In contrast, having equity stakes refer to owning shares in the infrastructure itself.

Jus cogens refers to a peremptory norms in international law, which are fundamental principles accepted by the international community as a norm from which no derogation is permitted (e.g. prohibition of torture, prohibition of racial discrimination).

Jurisdiction shopping is the practice where political actors (states, advocacy groups) deliberately file lawsuits in favorable federal district courts.

Life coaches are public figures who provide guidance, motivation, and advice to individuals seeking personal development.